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jeudi 21 juillet 2011

L'économie sociale et solidaire... au regard des sciences et des techniques


L'économie sociale et solidaire... au regard des sciences et des techniques
par Jean-Paul Baquiast et Christophe Jacquemin - 12/06/2011

Le mouvement de l'économie sociale et solidaire, lancé et soutenu en France - entre autres personnalités - par Claude Alphandéry, vise à proposer des alternatives économiques et sociales à l'actuel Système de pouvoirs financiers, gouvernementaux et médiatiques s'étant emparé du monde actuel pour le dominer.
Comme Stéphane Hessel, Claude Alphandéry est un de ces octogénaires issus de la haute fonction publique française et républicaine qui ne se satisfont pas de l'ordre imposé par ce Système, que ce soit en France, en Europe et dans le monde. Mais plus concrètement que Stéphane Hessel, il participe à l'identification, au soutien et à la promotion des milliers d'initiatives s'inscrivant hors du champ de la recherche du profit spéculatif, initiatives destinées à procurer des services dont se désintéresse l'économie marchande.
De notre côté, nous reconnaissons pleinement, la légitimité de cette démarche, qui n'avait d'ailleurs pas attendu l'époque récente pour s'affirmer, avec notamment les réalisations de la coopération et de l'économie alternative. Si ce mouvement est encore mal connu aujourd'hui, il bénéficiera de l'extension des réseaux numériques. Et ceci non seulement pour mieux se faire connaître, mais aussi rendre de nouveaux services peu coûteux en investissements, alors qu'ils sont riches d'une valeur ajoutée pour les populations.
Indiquons que notre démarche de communication et d'échanges intéressant la science, les technologies et la philosophie des sciences s'inscrit pleinement dans l'économie sociale et solidaire. Depuis plus de dix ans maintenant, Automates Intelligents s'attache à vouloir rendre un service que nous avons toujours estimé de première nécessité : faire connaître gratuitement et discuter les nombreuses avancées de connaissance indispensables à la transformation du monde.
C
omme nous le rappelons dans notre présentation du livre du physicien David Deutsch, "The Beginning of Infinity" [voir Rubrique Biblionet ci-dessous], il s'agit d'un devoir s'imposant non seulement aux Etats et institutions républicaines, mais aussi à tous ceux ayant acquis un minimum des bases nécessaires à la compréhension des enjeux de l'évolution des savoirs scientifiques qui transformera de plus en plus la planète. Il est effet crucial de ne pas en laisser le monopole aux oligarchies qui voudraient s'en conserver exclusivement la maîtrise.

Pour en savoir plus
L'économie sociale et solidaire : http://www.pouruneautreeconomie.fr/
Le Labo de l'ESS : http://www.lelabo-ess.org/
Les Etats généraux. Palais Brongniart (Place de la Bourse, Paris. 17, 18 et 19 juin 2011
Cinquante propositions :
http://www.lelabo-ess.org/propositions/50-propositions-pour-changer-de-cap/

mercredi 13 juillet 2011

Marchés de brevets dans la connaissance


Dominique Guellec, Thierry Madiès et Jean-Claude Prager
Parution : 19.11.2010
Ce rapport de Dominique Guellec, Jean-Claude Prager et Thierry Madiès porte sur le rôle que pourraient jouer des mécanismes marchands de coordination dans le développement de l’économie de la connaissance. Il traite des enjeux des marchés de brevets, mais aussi des limites à leur bon fonctionnement, et plaide pour une approche positive et offensive de la question par les pouvoirs publics tenant compte des incertitudes et des risques. Les marchés de brevets sont l’un des champs dans lesquels se joue la place de la France dans l’économie mondiale du savoir et ils méritent à ce titre une attention réelle et suivie de la part des décideurs publics.

mercredi 1 décembre 2010

samedi 7 février 2009

US RESEARCH AND INNOVATION 2009 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

Source: http://france.usembassy.gov


RESEARCH


University-Private Sector Research Partnerships in the Innovation Ecosystem
President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology - Web posted January 1, 2009 – 92 pages
http://www.ostp.gov/galleries/PCAST/past_research_partnership_report_BOOK.pdf

In order to recognize fully the importance of university-private sector partnerships and their role in the rapidly globalizing innovation ecosystem, President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology reviews the current state and historical trends of the U.S. R&D enterprise. The study involves examining inputs to the ecosystem, including funding sources and mechanisms, and outputs of the ecosystem in order to evaluate the effectiveness and productivity of the research enterprise.

Innovation
Science Progress - Articles –Fall • winter 2008/2009 – pp 6-46 http://www.scienceprogress.org/2009/01/issue-2-sciences-troubled-legacy/
“The five essays attempt to tease out examples of how policymakers in statehouses and different federal agencies can work together with universities to replicate the success of Silicon Valley and the Route 128 Corridor in Massachusett s in other university cities and towns—in the process detailing how place and history set the stage for specific innovations that policymakers can help commercialize.”

How Much Does Immigration Boost Innovation
Jennifer Hunt and Mariolaine Gauthier-Loiselle National Bureau of Economic Research - Working Paper - September 2008.
http://www.nber.org/papers/w14312
In 2003, immigrants patented at double the rate of natives, implying that immigrant inventors were crowding out native inventors. However, the difference is fully explained by the greater share of immigrants with science and engineering degrees. In fact, skilled immigrants have had a substantial positive effect on the number of patents per capita in the United States

Beyond “Fortress America” National Security Controls on Science and Technology
National Research Council - Web posted January 9, 2009 http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12567#toc
Many U.S. export and visa controls, developed during the Cold War era to prevent the transfer of technological and scientific advances to our enemies, now harm U.S. national security and economic prosperity, says the report from the National Research Council. The current regulations were designed for a world that no longer exists and are unsuitable for today’s adversaries.

The State of the Contracting Estate - Time for a 21st-Century Re-envisioning of 20th-Century Government Contracting Rules Designed to Boost Scientific Innovation Dan Guttman Science Progress - Article – Fall • winter 2008/2009 – pp 47-58
http://www.scienceprogress.org/2009/01/issue-2-sciences-troubled-legacy/
“Government contracting grew out of scientific inquiry in the interests of national security in the mid-20th-century and represents a government reform that yielded great successes but has since lost its moorings. It's time to re-envision the role of private contractors in the public service.”

Stem Cell Research and Innovation Done Responsibly and Ethically
Michael Rugnetta, Michael Peroski Center for American Progress – Report - January 16, 2009 – 40 pages
http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2009/01/pdf/stem_cells.pdf

“It is time for the United States to stake its claim as the world leader in regenerative medicine, which promises to become a vital component of the cutting edge of life sciences research and innovation in the 21st century. To ensure research in this newly emerging field of life sciences is conducted responsibly and ethically, the federal government must reform its stem cell research policy in order to fund embryonic stem cell research that is robust and comprehensive as well as cautious and principled.”

Nanotechnology: The Social and Ethical Issues
Ronald Sandler Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars and Pew Charitable Trusts - Web posted January 27, 2009 – 63 pages
http://www.pewtrusts.org/uploadedFiles/wwwpewtrustsorg/Reports/Nanotechnologies/Nano_PEN16_FINAL.pdf
The report emphasizes ways in which developments in nanotechnology intersect with governmental functions and responsibilities, including science and technology policy, as well as research funding, regulation and work on public engagement.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY
Recommendations for the Incoming Administration Regarding the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
U.S. Chamber of Commerce - December 22, 2008 – 34 pages
http://www.theglobalipcenter.com/NR/rdonlyres/e5txnmjhsn5mjbtvtazna33y3dimpz5cuxtgjeix4wix3dqpiy5domrryniqsbo6rr7xbe64tcijitq6hxnlts7u3xb/USPTOPatentProjectFINAL.pdf
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s Global Intellectual Property Center (GIPC) releases its U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) recommendations to President-elect Barack Obama, highlighting needed reforms to modernize the federal agency’s patent arm. It offers a blueprint for modernizing and fostering a more efficient patent office. Addressing 11 key areas, it features suggestions to improve the quality of patents, patent examiner retention, the current fee structure, and the office’s relationship with the user community, among other reforms.

Tackling the Challenge of Patent Reform
Science Progress - Article – Fall • winter 2008/2009 – pp 59-98
http://www.scienceprogress.org/2009/01/issue-2-sciences-troubled-legacy/
Rick Weiss - Tackling the Challenge of Patent Reform (Recommendations for the Obama administration and Congress)
Daniel P. McCurdy - Patent Trolls Erode the Foundations of the U.S. Patent System
Gerald J. Mossinghoff and Stephen G. Kunin - Improving the Effectiveness of the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office
Bruce A. Lehman - Global Patent Protection (The International Patent System and the New Administration)

The Limits of Abstract Patents in an Intangible Economy
The Brookings Institution – Conference – January 14, 2009 – 270 pages
http://www.brookings.edu/events/2009/0114_patents.aspx?emc=lm&m=220983&l=21&v=252043

“Abstract ideas are not patentable, but what are abstract ideas – and how can judges draw a line around them? This conference, co-sponsored by the Brookings Institution, the Computer & Communications Industry Association and Duke University School of Law, looked at the problem of abstract patents from both economic and legal perspectives. How well do abstract patents work? What problems do they create? Can we do better than the standard in Bilski?”

mercredi 4 juin 2008

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mardi 3 juin 2008

VEILLE TECHNOLOGIQUE ADIT

RAPPORTS D'AMBASSADES AU 02/06/2008

L'ordinateur quantique
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_032.htm

-> La gouvernance publique de la recherche aux Etats-Unis :
formalisation des priorites nationales de recherche, allocations
budgetaires et evaluation
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_035.htm

-> La Rhenanie du Nord - Westphalie : presentation generale,
enseignement superieur et recherche [edition 2008]
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_034.htm

-> Panorama de la recherche a Hong Kong
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_033.htm

-> Innovation Nation : le Livre blanc britannique sur l'innovation
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_031.htm

-> Le "Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies"
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_030.htm

-> La politique federale de R&D en nanotechnologies aux Etats-Unis
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports/smm08_029.htm

Retrouvez tous les rapports d'Ambassades sur le web a l'url :

http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/rapports.php

Pour tout savoir sur les conditions d'utilisation des Rapports d'Ambassades
connectez-vous sur :
http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/conditions_utilisation.htm

vendredi 15 février 2008

USA- R&D – TECHNOLOGY - EDUCATION

National Nanotechnology Initiative – Strategic Plan

National Nanotechnology Initiative – December 2007 – 52 pages

http://www.nano.gov/NNI_Strategic_Plan_2007.pdf


“Advances in nanotechnology – the ability to see, measure and control matter at the scale of atoms and molecules – are leading to novel applications in areas ranging from aerospace to agriculture. The NNI Strategic Plan outlines the goals and priorities of the initiatives and describes approaches for achieving them. The plan supports leading edge research, sustains the extensive infrastructures of facilities, seeks to facilitate technology transfer, and addresses environmental, health and societal concerns.”

John F. Sargent Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress – Report - Web posted June 22, 2008 – 15 pages

Nanotechnology: A Policy Primer

http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/RL34511.pdf

Nanoscale science, engineering and technology, commonly referred to collectively as nanotechnology, is believed by many to offer extraordinary economic and societal benefits. Congress has demonstrated continuing support for nanotechnology and has directed its attention primarily to three topics that may affect the realization of this hoped for potential: federal research and development (R&D) in nanotechnology; U.S. competitiveness; and environmental, health, and safety (EHS) concerns. The report provides an overview of these topics and two others: nano-manufacturing and public understanding of and attitudes toward nanotechnology.

Science and Engineering Indicators: 2008

National Science Foundation - National Science Board - January 15, 2008

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/seind08/

“This biennial report shows the condition of science and engineering research and education in the U.S. It is the most comprehensive source of information on research and development conducted by universities, industry, and the federal government. The Board made three major recommendations: (1) the federal government should enhance the level of funding for basic research; (2) industry, government, the academic sector, and professional organizations should encourage greater intellectual interchange between industry and academia; and (3) new data are needed to track implications for the U.S. economy of the globalization of manufacturing and services in high technology industry.”

Research and Development: Essential Foundation for U.S. Competitiveness in a Global Economy: A Companion to Science and Engineering Indicators 2008

National Science Foundation - National Science Board - January 15, 2008 – 12 pages

http://www.nsf.gov/statistics/nsb0803/nsb0803.pdf

““Innovation is a key to economic competitiveness and the technological breakthroughs that improve our lives.” The U.S. industry and the government are the pillars of financial support for U.S. research and development (R&D). However, indicators show stagnation and decline in some disciplines especially basic research. The industry share of support in universities and colleges has been declining over the last several years; likewise, government support for academic R&D began falling in 2005. These indicators raise important questions about the future of U.S. competitiveness in international markets.”

Advancing Research in Science and Engineering Investing in Early-Career Scientists and High-Risk, High-Reward Research

American Academy of Arts and Sciences – Report – 2008 – 69 pages

http://amacad.org/arisefolder/ariseReport.pdf

“The American Academy of Arts and Sciences assembled a committee of academic and business leaders to stimulate discussion of, and action on, two issues central to the nation’s research efforts that have not received sufficient attention: • Support for early-career faculty.• Encouragement of high-risk, high-reward, potentially transformative research. We strongly believe that, regardless of overall federal research funding levels, America must invest in young scientists and transformative research in order to sustain its ability to compete in the new global environment. In this report, we outline a series of recommendations for all key stakeholders, including government, universities, and foundations.”

Rebecca Skinner & Blake Naughton

College Costs and Prices: Issues for Reauthorization of the Higher Education Act

US Congress Library - Congressional Research Service - RL34224 - October 30, 2007 – 44 pages

http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34224_20071030.pdf


“The cost of attending U.S. colleges and universities is a growing concern. Many Americans believe that college is now out of financial reach for most students. Federal policymakers are concerned about affordability, access for low-income students, and financial aid. This report presents the current status and the historical trends of college costs. The report concludes with an overview of the relevant issues related to the reauthorization of the Higher Education Act of 1965.”


Foreign Students in the United States: Policies and Legislation

Library of Congress - Congressional Research Service (CRS) - RL31146 - December 10, 2007 – 26 pages

http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL31146_20071210.pdf


“More than six years after 9/11, the security concerns over foreign student visas are being weighed against competitiveness concerns. Foreign students must “satisfy Department of State (DOS) consular officers abroad and immigration inspectors upon entry . . . that they are not ineligible for visas under the so-called ‘grounds for inadmissibility’ of the Immigration and Nationality Act . . .”; consequently, student visa debates have expanded to include both security issues and market-based discussions. These diverse sets of issues have raised concerns with universities and advocacy groups while bills before Congress have focused on attracting foreign students in science, technology, engineering and mathematics fields.”

Shayerah Ilias & Ian Fergusson

Intellectual Property Rights and International Trade

Library of Congress - Congressional Research Service (CRS) - December 20, 2007 – 52 pages

http://assets.opencrs.com/rpts/RL34292_20071220.pdf


“This report provides background on intellectual property rights (IPR) and discusses the role of U.S. international trade policy in enhancing IPR protection and enforcement abroad. IPR are legal rights granted by governments to encourage innovation and creative output by ensuring that creators reap the benefits of their inventions or works and they may take the form of patents, trade secrets, copyrights, trademarks, or geographical indications. U.S. industries that rely on IPR contribute significantly to U.S. economic growth, employment, and trade with other countries. Counterfeiting and piracy in other countries may result in the loss of billions of dollars of revenue for U.S. firms as well as the loss of jobs.”

Daniella Markheim & Caroline Walsh

A Safe and Bountiful Harvest: How to Ensure America's Food Safety

The Heritage Foundation - Backgrounder #2096 - January 10, 2008 – 8 pages

http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/upload/bg_2096.pdf

http://www.heritage.org/Research/TradeandForeignAid/bg2096.cfm


“Recent food scares have increased public scrutiny of and debate about the effectiveness of America’s food safety system. With U.S. households and businesses expected to demand more and more food imports, most of the new ideas focus on ensuring that the system has the capacity to monitor and protect families from an influx of foreign food. Yet a review of past product recalls clearly demonstrates that policymakers need to be mindful that Americans are just as likely to be harmed by products made in the United States.”